Lekce angličtiny
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Breast Augmentation
Since time immemorial, women's breasts have been a symbol of beauty and femininity. Shape, symmetry and size can have significant influence on a woman's psyche, especially if she starts feeling there are abnormalities or deficiencies – either in her opinion or in the opinion of others. Such problems have virtually no other solution than surgery. Breast augmentation using implants is an extremely effective procedure for women with underdeveloped breasts, or for cases of decreased fat and mammary gland due to breastfeeding or weight loss. Breast augmentation also offers a solution in cases of breast asymmetry.
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Venous leg ulcer
Venous leg ulcerations are a very common problem both in patients in primary health care and in hospitalised patients. The prevalence of venous leg ulcers ranges from 0.6 to 1.6/1000 adults and increases up to 10-30/1000 adults over 85. Given the trend of an ageing population, effective treatment and the right care of venous leg ulcers is becoming a more pressing matter.
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Artificial insemination
Artificial insemination (also known as assisted reproduction) is a common term for a series of medical treatments and procedures used to treat infertility, which involve manipulation with germ cells or embryos. Nowadays, reproductive medicine offers a wide range of artificial insemination methods, such as ovarian stimulation and planned sexual intercourse, IUI (intrauterine insemination), IVF (in vitro fertilisation), treatment with fresh or frozen donor oocytes (eggs), and many more.
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Dental Hygiene
Dental hygiene can be performed by a specially trained dental hygienist or by a dentist. It is not an aesthetic procedure, but actual dental treatment. A dental hygienist is a qualified healthcare practitioner who works independently but cooperates with the dentist and provides patients with prevention and education regarding oral hygiene.
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Cataracts
A cataract is an eye disease, which involves a clouding of the lens leading to hazy or blurred vision as if looking through dirty glass or a frozen window. In the developing countries, cataracts are the principal cause of blindness despite the possibilities offered by modern ways of treatment. Currently, cataracts are treated surgically, by removing the cloudy human lens and replacing it with a thin artificial lens.
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Venous leg ulcers
Wound healing is a process consisting of several phases: the inflammatory phase, granulation, and epithelisation. In fact, treating wounds requires good medical care (suitable dressing, treatment of the wound base etc.) as the risk of a stagnant healing process at some stage, resulting in chronicity, is very high. A venous leg ulcer is the most common type of chronic wound that a dermatologist can encounter. It is a polyaetiologic symptom; so it is essential to establish the initial cause of the defect in order to cure it successfully.
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Influenza
Influenza is an acute contagious respiratory illness transmitted by droplets. It is caused by influenza viruses A, B and C, which get through the mucous membrane in the respiratory tract. The incubation period is one to three days. Influenza activity peaks in winter period, particularly in February and March.
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Back pain
The most common causes of back pain are considered to be mechanical damage and degenerative changes in the locomotive region. Overloading of the spine, muscles, ligaments and other parts of the spinal region lead to mechanical disorders resulting in pain and reflex changes. The pain is localised in a particular spinal sector whereas the primary functional disorder can be located elsewhere. While examining back pain, it is important to also assess the functioning of the whole spine and surrounding structures.
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Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis, defined by WHO as a decrease in bone density, is a very common disease. It affects mainly women after menopause (the prevalence in 55 year-old women is 7%, in 80 year-old women 19%). It is a pathological decrease of bone tissue – atrophy of bone trabeculae. The bones lose calcium, which results in the reduction of bone density. The bone loses its strength and is more prone to fracture. Osteoporosis is a disease that often develops unobserved until complications appear. Osteoporosis can be classified as primary (without an evident concrete cause) and secondary.
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Seborrheic verruca
Senile wart (seborrheic verruca or seborrheic keratosis) is a skin growth, slightly dark in colour that ranges in size from several millimetres to 1-2 centimetres and is usually located on the head, face and body. The lesions are benign and appear in large numbers, typically in people aged 50 and over.
